Previously believed to be the only man who made it, but an example of a natural rack para dj tooth function mechanism has been found in the usual insect - which shows that the evolution of developing relationships gears long before we did. Issus teens - insect jumping plant found in gardens throughout Europe - have rear joints - a connection leg with curved rows like the teeth of the face-off interlocking, spinning rack para dj like mechanical gears synchronize the animal leg when sliding to jump.
These findings indicate that the gear mechanism previously considered purely man-made evolutionary precedent. Scientists say this is "the first observation in the absence of mechanical gear biological structures".
Through a combination of anatomical analysis and high-speed rack para dj video capture at Issus normal movement, scientists from the University of Cambridge has been able to reveal rack para dj the function of natural teeth for the first time. The findings, reported in the latest issue of the journal Science.
Each tooth gear has a rounded corner at the point that connects to the lane overdrive, a feature that is synonymous with man-made gear like bike gear - which is basically a shock-absorbing mechanism that stop teeth from shifting.
Gear teeth on the opposite side on the back foot at the same time as there are also locked in gear-box cars, which ensures almost complete synchronicity on the movement of the legs - the legs are always moving at a velocity rack para dj 30 'microsecond' each other, with the same microsecond with a millionth of a second.
It is very important to create powerful leaps as the main mode of transport these insects, even small differences in the speed of synchronization between the legs at the point of propulsion would result in "shaky rotation" - cause Issus spinning helplessly out of control.
"The proper synchronization will be achieved through the nervous system is impossible, because the nerve impulses rack para dj would take too long for the purposes of coordination incredible tight," said lead author Professor Malcolm Burrows, from the Department of Zoology, Cambridge.
"By developing a mechanical gear, Issus just need to send nerve signals to the muscles to produce roughly the same amount of force - if one leg then began to push the leap, each gear will lock together, creating an absolute synchronization.
"At Issus, the bones are used to solve complex problems that can not be resolved brain and nervous system," rack para dj said Burrows. "This rack para dj emphasizes the importance rack para dj of considering the shape of a bone on how movement is generated."
"We usually think gear is something that we see as part of a human-designed machines, but we have found that it is because we are not looking hard enough," added co-author Gregory Sutton, who is now at the University of Bristol.
Interestingly, this mechanistic gear found only in insects teens - or stage 'nymphs' -, and lost in the final transition rack para dj as adults. This transition, which is called 'molts', is when the animal skin throw rigidity rack para dj of the important places in their growth development. Issus "nymphs" (source phys.org)
It is not known why Issus lost gear on the back foot when it reaches adulthood. rack para dj The scientists showed that the problem with the gear system is that if one tooth on the gear is damaged, the effectiveness of the whole mechanism becomes damaged. While the gear teeth are damaged while being on nymphs can be fixed when the next molt, the damage that occurs in adulthood remains permanent. rack para dj
It may also be due to the increasingly larger size in adulthood and result in 'trochantera' them - or the same as the femur. The larger rack para dj adult trochantera likely enough for them to create a frictional force that included a big jump from leaf to leaf without the need for a connection between the gear teeth menggerakkanya, say scientists.
Each row of teeth in adolescents Issus about 400 micrometers in length and have 10 to 12 teeth, with both sides of the gear in each leg contains rack para dj the same amount - gives a 1:1 gear ratio.
Unlike man-made gears, each gear tooth is Issus asymmetrical and curved leading to the point that interlocking rack para dj gears - gears while manmade require symmetrical shape to work in both directions of rotation, and gear Issus only reinforce one direction to propel the animal forward .
Although there are examples of ornate gear turns in the animal kingdom - like the tortoise shell gear (cog-wheel turtle) or insect rear wheel (wheel bugs) - overdrive with good functional role remains rack para dj elusive or have been turned off by evolution.
How fruit flies detect sweet taste of food
Awesome Inc.. template. Template images by enot-poloskun. Powered by Blogger.
No comments:
Post a Comment